Smoking rates drop after college campuses ban tobacco

(dailyRx News) Smoking affects everyone in the vicinity. So, when clusters of students and teachers light up after class, everyone on campus has to put up with secondhand smoke. Is that fair?

A recent study surveyed thousands of students right before a campus-wide smoking ban and for several years afterwards. The number of students in support of the ban increased over time, as did the number of nonsmokers.

"Check your campus for smoking cessation assistance."

Yvon Fils-Aime, MD, tobacco health educator in the Department of Health Services, and William V. Lechner, MS, from the Department of Psychology, at Oklahoma State University, worked with a team to track the changes in smoking on college campuses in recent years.
For the study, 4,947 college undergraduates attending a large Midwestern university between 2007-2010 filled out surveys concerning attitudes and habits towards smoking. Surveys were completed at the start of the study and another three times through 2010.
Tobacco use was banned on the campus in 2008. Tobacco cessation information and assistance services were made available to all students at this time.
Surveys asked questions about secondhand smoke exposure, preferences about smoke-free environments and enforcement policies and beliefs about smoking.
The number of nonsmokers increased from 74 percent in 2007 steadily to 82 percent in 2010.
The rate of less frequent smokers went from 14 percent in 2007 to 9 percent in 2010.
The rate of more frequent smokers went from 10 percent in 2007 to 8 percent in 2008 and 7 percent in 2009 and 2010.
In 2009, 77 percent of students surveyed said they agreed with the tobacco ban and in 2010 the number increased to 81 percent.
Authors concluded, “It appears that a campus-wide tobacco ban is a well-accepted and effective prevention method for smoking. This study lends considerable support for efforts towards smoke-free campaigns.”
“Findings from this study should encourage other campuses to implement smoke-free interventions.”
Since May 2011, more than 245 campuses in the US have become 100 percent smoke-free environments.
This study was published in September in the Journal of American College Health.

Reviewed by: 

Joseph V. Madia, MD

Review Date: 

January 7, 2013

Citation: 

JACH, “Changes in Smoking Prevalence, Attitudes, and Beliefs Over 4 Years Following a Campus-Wide Anti-tobacco Intervention”

Last Updated: January 8, 2013

Source:dailyrx.com

Drug For Our Bodies

Clinical studies of the drug showed that patients with clinical manifestations of patients taking the drug primarily by inhaling and injecting narcotics was fever in about 75% to 100% of cases, accompanied exhausted in 30% of cases. Obtained patient's weight decreased drug in about 10-15% of cases. Shortness of breath occurs in approximately 10% of the cases studied.

Free Yourself from Drug Impact

PROBLEM narcotics, psychotropic and other addictive substances (drugs) is not the monopoly of the state alone. In almost every country, both developed and developing countries, has a problem. Various methods are used by the government of each country to "crush" drug of earth, but none of the listed countries have managed to beat the big enemy.
Australia, as a developed country that is located not too far from the Golden Triangle region did not escape from the problem. Even Australia was facing problems on tobacco and alcohol dependence. The impact, extraordinary and make the Australian Government stunned.

What are the dangers from using drugs?

Some people think everyone who takes drugs will end up dead. Others seem to think that drug use is not dangerous at all. The truth is somewhere in between...

The dangers

Drug use can never be 100 per cent safe but it is not always as dangerous as many people think. The dangers of drug use depend on drug, set and setting factors.
The drug bit is everything connected with the drug and how it is used. The set bit is everything connected with the person who is using the drugs. The setting bit is about what the person is doing at the time, where they are, the environment they live in etc.
The basic principal is that drug dangers are the result of interactions between drug, set and setting.

The drug

The Dangers Of Drug Abuse

By Janine Tassi
Drug use is a huge problem; we are a drug culture, and literally thousands of substances are used extensively.  Western medicine is likewise a drug-orientated system.  We consume billions of pills yearly and spend billions of rands on then.  These figures do not even include the everyday use of caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine.
Drug problems are common, and there are really no stereotypical drug addicts; they can be the affluent businessman, the housewife, the down-and-out “street’ person, or anyone under pressure or with unmet psychological needs.  Drug and substance abuse are an individual, family, and worldwide problem that can affect young and old, men and women.
Any of the thousands of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs currently available and in common use can be toxic, especially when too much is used or when they are used for too long.  OTC products are more easily abused than pharmaceuticals because they can be readily obtained, and are usually less toxic.

Dangers Toxic elements in tobacco smoke

Toxic elements in tobacco smokeHeavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, and lead have been detected in tobacco smoke, by showing that the toxic elements could propagate to distances varying natural airflow.A burning cigarette produces more than 4000 chemicals, many of which are toxic and about 40 cause cancer. These compounds remain in the air as environmental tobacco smoke is inhaled by others in the region. There are two types of cigarette smoke, the cigarette smoke that comes out of the mouth of the main smokers and sidestream smoke from the burning end of the cigarette.

Dangers liquor for health

Alcohol (ethanol) contained in any liquor will be directly absorbed by the body after gulped.  
In fact because it does not have to be digested first, then alcohol has started to absorb even while still in the mouth. Because very brief alcohol is immediately circulated throughout the body, particularly in parts of the body that has a very large vessels.  
For example, the brain.For that reason, all the reactions in the body and behavior are controlled by the brain is affected by alcohol. The experts have made the statement between the amount of alcohol you drink to the size of the brain is affected.  
 For example, if someone who has a body weight of 70 kg with an empty stomach to drink 720 cc of beer (2 bottles), or 45 cc whiskey (1-2 shot), the alcohol in the blood will reach the amount of 50 mg / dl or with concentrations of 0 , 05%.  
 At this level of the brain that is affected is the outer layer (cortex) which is the anxiety control center, so it will look happy and calm. 

Dangers of Secondhand Smoke

 Researchers have known that secondhand smoke can be just as dangerous for nonsmokers as smoking is for smokers, but now there's fresh evidence quantifying just how hazardous the after burn from cigarettes can be, and how quickly it affects your body. Scientists at the Oregon Department of Health documented for the first time an hourly buildup of a cancer-causing compound from cigarette smoke in the blood and urine of nonsmokers working in bars and restaurants in the state.